A potential source of inflow includes?

A potential source of inflow includes?

• A. Defective manhole walls
• B. Bad pipe joints
• C. Roof leaders
• D. Cracked pipes

Answer: (C)

Inflow is water from outside the sewer system that enters through direct connections, especially during rain. Roof leaders (downspouts) that discharge roof runoff into the sanitary sewer provide a direct pathway for stormwater to join the sewer flow. During a rainfall, this adds a surge of water into the system, making roof leaders a clear inflow source. The other options describe water entering the sewer mainly through leaks or cracks (from groundwater or seepage), which is typically considered infiltration rather than inflow. So, roof leaders fit best as an inflow source.

Inflow is water from outside the sewer system that enters through direct connections, especially during rain. Roof leaders (downspouts) that discharge roof runoff into the sanitary sewer provide a direct pathway for stormwater to join the sewer flow. During a rainfall, this adds a surge of water into the system, making roof leaders a clear inflow source. The other options describe water entering the sewer mainly through leaks or cracks (from groundwater or seepage), which is typically considered infiltration rather than inflow. So, roof leaders fit best as an inflow source.